Radio frequency spectrum

Band name Abbr ITU band Frequency
Wavelength		 Example uses
      < 2 Hz
> 100,000 km		  
Extremely low frequency ELF 1 3–30 Hz
100,000 km – 10,000 km		 Communication with submarines
Super low frequency SLF 2 30–300 Hz
10,000 km – 1000 km		 Communication with submarines
Ultra low frequency ULF 3 300–3000 Hz
1000 km – 100 km		 Communication within mines
Very low frequency VLF 4 3–30 kHz
100 km – 10 km		 Submarine communication, avalanche beacons, wireless heart rate monitors
Low frequency LF 5 30–300 kHz
10 km – 1 km		 Navigation, time signals, AM longwave broadcasting
Medium frequency MF 6 300–3000 kHz
1 km – 100 m		 AM (Medium-wave) broadcasts
High frequency HF 7 3–30 MHz
100 m – 10 m		 Shortwave broadcasts and amateur radio
Very high frequency VHF 8 30–300 MHz
10 m – 1 m		 FM and television broadcasts
Ultra high frequency UHF 9 300–3000 MHz
1 m – 100 mm		 television broadcasts, mobile phones, wireless LAN, ground-to-air and air-to-air communications, and Two-Way Radios such as FRS and GMRS Radios
Super high frequency SHF 10 3–30 GHz
100 mm – 10 mm		 microwave devices, wireless LAN, most modern Radars
Extremely high frequency EHF 11 30–300 GHz
10 mm – 1 mm		 Radio astronomy, high-speed microwave radio relay
      Above 300 GHz
< 1 mm		 Night vision
Notes
  • Above 300 GHz, the absorption of electromagnetic radiation by Earth's atmosphere is so great that the atmosphere is effectively opaque to higher frequencies of electromagnetic radiation, until the atmosphere becomes transparent again in the so-called infrared and optical window frequency ranges.
  • The ELF, SLF, ULF, and VLF bands overlap the AF (audio frequency) spectrum, which is approximately 20–20,000 Hz. However, sounds are transmitted by atmospheric compression and expansion, and not by electromagnetic energy.
  • The SHF and EHF bands are often considered to be not part of the radio spectrum and form their own microwave spectrum.
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Named frequency bands

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General

Broadcast Frequencies:

  • AM Radio = 535kHz - 1605kHz (MF)
  • TV Band I (Channels 2 - 6) = 54MHz - 88MHz (VHF)
  • FM Radio Band II = 88MHz - 108MHz (VHF)
  • TV Band III (Channels 7 - 13) = 174MHz - 216MHz (VHF)
  • TV Bands IV & V (Channels 14 - 69) = 470MHz - 806MHz (UHF) [1]

For more information see the NTIA frequency allocation chart: http://www.ntia.doc.gov/osmhome/allochrt.html

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Amateur radio frequencies

The range of allowed frequencies vary between countries. These are just some of the more common bands. In the article about amateur radio is another list.

Band Frequency range
160 m 1.8 to 2.0 MHz
80 m 3.5 to 4.0 MHz
60 m 5.3 to 5.4 MHz
40 m 7 to 7.3 MHz
30 m 10.1 to 10.15 MHz
20 m 14 to 14.35 MHz
15 m 21 to 21.45 MHz
12 m 24.89 to 24.99 MHz
10 m 28.0 to 29.7 MHz
6 m 50 to 54 MHz
2 m 144 to 148 MHz
70 cm 430 to 440 MHz
23 cm 1240 to 1300 MHz
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IEEE US

Band Frequency range Origin of name
HF band 3 to 30 MHz High Frequency  
VHF band 30 to 300 MHz Very High Frequency  
UHF band 300 to 1000 MHz Ultra High Frequency 
Frequencies from 216 to 450 MHz were sometimes called P-band:
Previous, since early British Radar used this band but later
switched to higher frequencies.
L band 1 to 2 GHz Long wave
S band 2 to 4 GHz Short wave
C band 4 to 8 GHz Compromise between S and X
X band 8 to 12 GHz Used in WW II for fire control, X for cross (as in crosshair)
Ku band 12 to 18 GHz Kurz-under
K band 18 to 26 GHz German Kurz (short)
Ka band 26 to 40 GHz Kurz-above
V band 40 to 75 GHz  
W band 75 to 111 GHz W follows V in the alphabet
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EU, NATO, US ECM Frequency Designations

Band Frequency range
A band 0 to 0.25 GHz
B band 0.25 to 0.5 GHz
C band 0.5 to 1.0 GHz
D band 1 to 2 GHz
E band 2 to 3 GHz
F band 3 to 4 GHz
G band 4 to 6 GHz
H band 6 to 8 GHz
I band 8 to 10 GHz
J band 10 to 20 GHz
K band 20 to 40 GHz
L band 40 to 60 GHz
M band 60 to 100 GHz
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References

  • ANSI/IEEE Standard 521-2002: Letter designations for radar-frequency bands.
  • AFR 55-44/AR 105-86/OPNAVINST 3430.9A/MCO 3430.1, 27 October 1964 superseded by AFR 55-44/AR 105-86/OPNAVINST 3430.1A/MCO 3430.1A, 6 December 1978: Performing Electronic Countermeasures in the United States and Canada, Attachment 1,ECM Frequency Authorizations.
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See also


 

Radio spectrum
ELF SLF ULF VLF LF MF HF VHF UHF SHF EHF
3 Hz 30 Hz 300 Hz 3 kHz 30 kHz 300 kHz 3 MHz 30 MHz 300 MHz 3 GHz 30 GHz
30 Hz 300 Hz 3 kHz 30 kHz 300 kHz 3 MHz 30 MHz 300 MHz 3 GHz 30 GHz 300 GHz


 


 

The Electromagnetic Spectrum
(Sorted by wavelength, short to long)
Gamma ray | X-ray | Ultraviolet | Visible spectrum | Infrared | Terahertz radiation | Microwave | Radio waves
Visible (optical) spectrum: Violet | Blue | Green | Yellow | Orange | Red
Microwave spectrum: W band | V band | K band: Ka band, Ku band | X band | C band | S band | L band
Radio spectrum: EHF | SHF | UHF | VHF | HF | MF | LF | VLF | ULF | SLF | ELF
Wavelength designations: Microwave | Shortwave | Mediumwave | Longwave


 

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Radio waves at different frequencies propagate in different ways.
Radio Frequencies and their Primary mode of Propagation
Radio Band Frequency Propagation Via
VLF Very Low Frequency 3 - 30 kHz - Guided between the earth and the ionosphere
LF Low Frequency 30 - 300 kHz - Guided between the earth and the ionosphere

- Ground Waves
MF Medium Frequency 300 - 3000 kHz - Ground waves

- E layer ionospheric refraction at night, when D layer absorption disappears
HF High Frequency (Short Wave) 3 - 30 MHz - E layer ionospheric refraction

- F layer ionospheric refraction
VHF Very High Frequency 30 - 300 MHz - Line-of-sight
UHF Ultra High Frequency 300 - 3000 MHz - Line-of-sight

External links

Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_frequency"
 
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